Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)

Basic Information of Sodium Tetrachloropalladate(II)

CAS No.	13820-53-6
EC No.	237-502-6
Chemical Formula	Na2PdCl4
Molecular Weight	294.21 g/mol (anhydrous basis)
Appearance	Reddish-brown to dark brown crystalline powder
Odor	Odorless
Melting point	Decomposes before melting (>300 °C)
Boiling point	Not applicable (decomposes)
Density	approx. 2.7–2.9 g/cm³
Solubility	Highly soluble in water (>500 g/L); soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone
Nature (hazards)	Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, may cause allergic skin reaction, harmful if swallowed, toxic to aquatic life
RIDADR	UN 3288, Toxic solid, inorganic, n.o.s. (Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)), Class 6.1, Packing Group III
Chemical Structure

Primary Applications of Sodium Tetrachloropalladate(II)

Sodium Tetrachloropalladate(II) serves as a water-soluble Pd(II) source, enabling efficient catalyst generation and palladium incorporation in aqueous or polar-phase processes. As a coordination complex containing the [PdCl₄]²⁻ anion, it provides controlled palladium delivery in solution and is frequently utilized in systems associated with palladium salt and catalyst precursor preparation, particularly where solubility and halide coordination influence catalytic performance.

1. Cross-Coupling Catalyst Preparation
   Acts as a convenient precursor for generating Pd(II) precatalysts used in Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck, Sonogashira, and Negishi couplings, particularly in aqueous or biphasic systems for pharmaceutical intermediates. Under reducing conditions, [PdCl₄]²⁻ is converted to catalytically active Pd(0) species, enabling efficient C–C bond formation in scalable reaction environments.

2. Palladium Nanoparticle Synthesis
   Facilitates controlled reduction to produce stable Pd nanoparticles, colloids, or supported clusters for electrocatalysis, sensors, and hydrogenation applications with tunable size and dispersion. Its defined chloride coordination allows predictable nucleation and growth kinetics during nanoparticle formation.

3. Electroless Palladium Plating & Surface Finishing
   Provides Pd(II) ions for autocatalytic deposition of palladium layers on electronics, connectors, and circuit boards, offering excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance. The aqueous solubility and controlled redox behavior support consistent bath formulation and metal deposition quality.

4. Organometallic Complex Synthesis
   Serves as starting material for preparing Pd(II) complexes with phosphines, amines, carbenes, or other ligands in homogeneous catalysis and materials research. Ligand substitution reactions displace chloride ligands to form well-defined catalytic intermediates suitable for method development.

5. C–H Activation & Allylic Substitution
   Used to form active Pd species for direct C–H functionalization and Tsuji-Trost allylic alkylation, providing efficient routes to complex molecules in fine chemicals. Chloride coordination can modulate catalyst speciation and influence reaction selectivity under specific conditions.

6. Aqueous-Phase Catalysis & Green Chemistry
   Enables palladium-catalyzed reactions in water or aqueous media, supporting environmentally friendlier processes in pharmaceutical and specialty chemical production. Water-compatible catalytic systems reduce organic solvent usage and improve process sustainability.

For a broader classification of palladium materials—including salts, oxides, supported catalysts, and organometallic systems across industrial sectors—refer to Palladium Compounds: Applications, Categories & Industrial Uses.

• High Palladium Content Consistency
  Rigorous analytical controls ensure accurate Pd assay, minimal metallic and trace impurities, and batch-to-batch reproducibility for dependable catalytic or plating performance.

• Secure Palladium Sourcing
  Responsible procurement practices and inventory planning support stable supply amid precious metal market fluctuations.

• Technical Application Guidance
  Technical assistance is available for dissolution protocols, reduction strategies, catalyst activation, plating bath optimization, and nanoparticle synthesis parameters.

• Full Regulatory Compliance
  Comprehensive documentation including COA, REACH, RoHS, and SDS supports integration into regulated manufacturing and international trade environments.

• Sustainability & Recycling Support
  Palladium recovery and recycling programs help improve material efficiency and support circular economy objectives.

Hazards Classification

• GHS Classification: Skin Corrosion/Irritation (Category 1B); Serious Eye Damage (Category 1); Skin Sensitization (Category 1); Acute Toxicity, Oral (Category 4); Aquatic Chronic (Category 2)

• Hazard Statements: H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage; H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction; H302: Harmful if swallowed; H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

• UN Number: UN 3288

• Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)

• Packing Group: III