Palladium oxide(II)

Basic Information of Palladium(II) Oxide

CAS No.	1314-08-5
EC No.	215-218-8
Chemical Formula	PdO
Molecular Weight	122.42 g/mol
Appearance	Black to dark brown powder
Odor	Odorless
Melting point	Decomposes >800 °C to Pd metal and O₂
Boiling point	Not applicable (decomposes)
Density	approx. 8.70 g/cm³
Solubility	Insoluble in water and most organic solvents; soluble in hot concentrated acids (e.g., aqua regia)
Nature (hazards)	May cause respiratory irritation, skin and eye irritation, harmful if inhaled as dust, toxic to aquatic life
RIDADR	Not regulated (non-hazardous for transport under standard classifications; consult SDS for specific handling)
Chemical Structure

Primary Applications of Palladium(II) Oxide

Palladium(II) Oxide serves as a robust heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation and hydrogenation, delivering high performance in demanding chemical transformations. Upon exposure to hydrogen, PdO is readily reduced in situ to catalytically active metallic Pd(0), enabling versatile redox cycling under practical reaction conditions. It is widely associated with applications described in hydrogenation and supported palladium catalysis systems, where controlled activation and recyclability are critical.

1. Alcohol Oxidation to Aldehydes/Ketones
   Catalyzes efficient, selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols using molecular oxygen or air, providing clean routes to carbonyl compounds in fine chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates. The surface redox properties of PdO enable controlled oxidative transformations with minimal overoxidation or byproduct formation.

2. Hydrogenation & Hydrogenolysis
   Reduced in situ to active Pd(0) for hydrogenation of alkenes, alkynes, nitro groups, and hydrogenolysis of benzyl protecting groups with excellent activity and selectivity. The heterogeneous nature of PdO allows straightforward catalyst separation and reuse in multi-step industrial processes.

3. Dehydrogenation Reactions
   Promotes dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons or alcohols to unsaturated compounds, useful in the production of olefins, aromatics, and specialty monomers. Controlled surface chemistry enables balance between hydrogen removal and substrate stability.

4. CO Oxidation & Emission Control
   Employed in catalytic converters and environmental applications for low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to reduce emissions. PdO-based systems contribute to effective pollutant removal under variable operating conditions.

5. Fine Chemical & API Synthesis
   Supports key oxidation and reduction steps in multistep pharmaceutical manufacturing, offering scalability, easy catalyst separation, and high reproducibility. Its stable oxide form simplifies storage and handling prior to in situ activation.

6. Supported Catalyst Preparation
   Acts as a Pd source for generating PdO or reduced Pd on various carriers (alumina, silica, carbon) for tailored heterogeneous catalysis in industrial processes. Impregnation and thermal treatment strategies enable controlled dispersion and particle size distribution.

For a broader understanding of palladium material categories—including salts, oxides, supported catalysts, and organometallic systems across industrial sectors—refer to Palladium Compounds: Applications, Categories & Industrial Uses.

• High Palladium Content & Activity
  Precise analytical control ensures consistent Pd content, optimal particle size, and high active surface area for maximum catalytic efficiency.

• Custom Formulations & Supports
  Tailored purity, morphology, and supported variants (PdO/Al₂O₃, PdO/C) to precisely align with your substrate, reaction conditions, and process scale.

• Batch-to-Batch Reproducibility
  Rigorous testing (ICP, BET, XRD, activity assays) guarantees low variation and predictable performance during scale-up and production.

• Secure Palladium Supply
  Responsible sourcing, strategic inventory, and transparent pricing mitigate market volatility and ensure long-term availability.

• Technical & Regulatory Support
  Expert catalysis team provides activation guidance, poison mitigation strategies, recycling advice, and full documentation (COA, REACH, SDS) for seamless integration.

Hazards Classification

• GHS Classification: Skin Irritation (Category 2); Eye Irritation (Category 2A); Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure (respiratory) (Category 3); Aquatic Chronic (Category 3)

• Hazard Statements: H315: Causes skin irritation; H319: Causes serious eye irritation; H335: May cause respiratory irritation; H413: May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life

• UN Number: Not regulated

• Hazard Class: Not classified as hazardous for transport

• Packing Group: Not applicable