Palladium(II) hydroxide

Basic Information of Palladium(II) Hydroxide

CAS No.	12135-22-7
EC No.	235-219-6
Chemical Formula	Pd(OH)2
Molecular Weight	140.43 g/mol
Appearance	Dark brown to black moist powder or hydrated solid
Odor	Odorless
Melting point	Decomposes before melting (>100 °C)
Boiling point	Not applicable (decomposes)
Density	approx. 3.5–4.0 g/cm³ (dry basis)
Solubility	Insoluble in water; soluble in acids (e.g., HCl, HNO₃) with decomposition
Nature (hazards)	May cause respiratory irritation, skin and eye irritation, harmful if inhaled as dust, toxic to aquatic life
RIDADR	Not regulated (non-hazardous for transport under standard classifications; consult SDS for specific handling)
Chemical Structure

Primary Applications of Palladium(II) Hydroxide

Palladium(II) Hydroxide functions as a reactive Pd(II) source, readily convertible under thermal or reductive conditions to active Pd(0) or PdO species for efficient catalytic transformations in fine chemicals and materials processing. Owing to its high surface reactivity and ease of reduction, it is widely employed in systems associated with hydrogenation and supported palladium catalysis, where controlled activation and heterogeneous stability are essential.

1. Supported Palladium Catalyst Preparation
   Serves as the preferred precursor for impregnating or precipitating high-dispersion Pd on carbon, alumina, silica, or other carriers, yielding robust hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis catalysts. Controlled precipitation and reduction steps enable uniform metal dispersion and optimized catalytic surface area.

2. Hydrogenation & Hydrogenolysis
   Reduced in situ to Pd(0) for selective reduction of alkenes, alkynes, nitro groups, and debenzylation of protecting groups in pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthesis. The heterogeneous nature of Pd(OH)₂-derived systems allows straightforward catalyst separation and reuse in multi-step industrial workflows.

3. Selective Oxidation Reactions
   Used directly or as a PdO precursor for alcohol oxidation to aldehydes/ketones and other oxidative transformations using air or oxygen in fine chemical production. Thermal conversion to PdO provides active redox surfaces capable of controlled oxidative catalysis.

4. Pharmaceutical Intermediate Synthesis
   Enables key reduction and deprotection steps in API manufacturing, offering scalability, easy filtration, and high functional group tolerance. Its defined conversion profile supports reproducibility in regulated production environments.

5. Palladium Nanoparticle Synthesis
   Facilitates controlled reduction to generate Pd nanoparticles or colloids for electrocatalysis, sensors, and advanced materials research with uniform size distribution. Reduction parameters such as temperature and reducing agent concentration influence particle morphology and catalytic performance.

6. Catalyst Recycling & Regeneration
   Employed in processes requiring Pd recovery and reprecipitation, supporting cost-effective and sustainable catalyst management in industrial operations. The hydroxide form enables efficient reprocessing into active catalytic species.

For a broader overview of palladium material categories—including salts, oxides, supported catalysts, and organometallic systems across industrial applications—refer to Palladium Compounds: Applications, Categories & Industrial Uses.

• Consistent Palladium Content & Activity
  Precise analytical control ensures uniform Pd content, controlled hydration, and reproducible performance in catalyst preparation and reduction.

• Custom Precursor Formulations
  Tailored Pd percentage, moisture levels, particle morphology, and supported variants to perfectly match your impregnation or synthesis process.

• Secure Palladium Supply Chain
  Responsible sourcing, strategic inventory management, and transparent pricing to mitigate volatility and ensure uninterrupted availability.

• Technical Application Support
  Dedicated specialists provide guidance on reduction protocols, support impregnation, activation, and catalyst optimization for maximum efficiency.

• Regulatory & Sustainability Compliance
  Full COA, REACH, RoHS, SDS documentation and palladium recycling programs aligned with global standards and ESG commitments.

Hazards Classification

• GHS Classification: Skin Irritation (Category 2); Eye Irritation (Category 2A); Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure (respiratory) (Category 3); Aquatic Chronic (Category 3)

• Hazard Statements: H315: Causes skin irritation; H319: Causes serious eye irritation; H335: May cause respiratory irritation; H413: May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life

• UN Number: Not regulated

• Hazard Class: Not classified as hazardous for transport

• Packing Group: Not applicable