Potassium Tetrachloropalladate(II)

Basic Information of Potassium Tetrachloropalladate(II)

CAS No.	10025-98-6
EC No.	233-049-3
Chemical Formula	K2PdCl4
Molecular Weight	326.32 g/mol
Appearance	Reddish-brown to dark brown crystalline powder
Odor	Odorless
Melting point	Decomposes before melting (>300 °C)
Boiling point	Not applicable (decomposes)
Density	approx. 2.8–3.0 g/cm³
Solubility	Highly soluble in water (>500 g/L); soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone
Nature (hazards)	Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, may cause allergic skin reaction, harmful if swallowed, toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
RIDADR	UN 3288, Toxic solid, inorganic, n.o.s. (Potassium tetrachloropalladate(II)), Class 6.1, Packing Group III
Chemical Structure

Primary Applications of Potassium Tetrachloropalladate(II)

Potassium Tetrachloropalladate(II) functions as an efficient, water-soluble Pd(II) precursor for generating active palladium species in diverse catalytic and materials processes. Containing the well-defined [PdCl₄]²⁻ complex anion, it offers predictable coordination chemistry and controlled reduction to catalytically active Pd(0). It is frequently employed in systems associated with palladium salt and catalyst precursor preparation, particularly where aqueous processing, ionic strength control, or halide coordination are critical.

1. Cross-Coupling Catalyst Preparation
   Serves as a preferred Pd source for in-situ generation of precatalysts in Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck, Sonogashira, and Negishi couplings, especially effective in aqueous or biphasic systems for pharmaceutical intermediates. Upon reduction, the tetrachloropalladate complex forms catalytically active Pd(0) species capable of oxidative addition into aryl halides under controlled conditions.

2. Palladium Nanoparticle & Colloid Synthesis
   Enables controlled reduction to produce stable Pd nanoparticles, sols, or supported clusters for electrocatalysis, hydrogenation, and sensor applications with excellent size control. The defined chloride coordination sphere allows tunable nucleation kinetics during nanoparticle formation.

3. Electroless Palladium Plating
   Provides Pd(II) ions for autocatalytic deposition of uniform palladium layers on electronics, connectors, and PCBs, delivering superior adhesion and corrosion resistance. The potassium counterion contributes to solution stability and controlled metal ion availability in plating bath formulations.

4. Organometallic Palladium Complex Synthesis
   Acts as starting material for preparing Pd(II) complexes with phosphines, carbenes, amines, or other ligands in homogeneous catalysis and materials development. Ligand substitution reactions replace chloride ligands to yield well-defined coordination complexes for catalytic screening.

5. C–H Activation & Functionalization
   Facilitates Pd-catalyzed direct C–H arylation, halogenation, and olefination in aqueous media, supporting greener synthetic routes to complex molecules. Chloride coordination can influence catalyst speciation and regioselectivity in directed C–H activation pathways.

6. Aqueous-Phase & Green Catalysis
   Supports palladium-catalyzed reactions in water, reducing organic solvent use and enabling environmentally friendlier processes in fine chemical and pharmaceutical production. Water-compatible systems improve safety profiles and downstream separation efficiency.

For a comprehensive overview of palladium material categories—including salts, oxides, supported catalysts, and organometallic systems across industrial applications—refer to Palladium Compounds: Applications, Categories & Industrial Uses.

• Precise Palladium Content & Purity
  Advanced quality assurance ensures uniform Pd content, low residual impurities, and batch consistency for reliable catalyst or plating performance.

• Secure Precious Metal Sourcing
  Transparent, responsible procurement with inventory buffering to provide supply stability and competitive pricing in fluctuating palladium markets.

• Technical Process Support
  Dedicated specialists offer guidance on dissolution, reduction protocols, plating bath optimization, and aqueous catalysis for enhanced efficiency.

• Full Regulatory Compliance
  Comprehensive COA, REACH, RoHS, and SDS documentation to facilitate seamless integration into global operations and regulatory requirements.

• Sustainability & Recycling Commitment
  Ethical sourcing practices and palladium recovery/recycling programs aligned with ESG goals and sustainable chemistry principles.

Hazards Classification

• GHS Classification: Skin Corrosion/Irritation (Category 1B); Serious Eye Damage (Category 1); Skin Sensitization (Category 1); Acute Toxicity, Oral (Category 4); Aquatic Chronic (Category 2)

• Hazard Statements: H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage; H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction; H302: Harmful if swallowed; H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

• UN Number: UN 3288

• Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)

• Packing Group: III